Jakarta’s Investment Highlights for the First Quarter of 2025 Indonesia entered the first quarter of 2025 (January - March) with strong investment momentum, reflecting positive economic sentiment and encouraging progress toward the national investment target. Jakarta contributed significantly to this performance, with an investment realization of Rp 69.77 trillion, securing the top position among all provinces and representing 15.0% of the national total. Compared to the same period in 2024 (Q1 2024), this represented a 19.5% year-on-year (YoY) increase, reflecting Jakarta’s sustained role in supporting national investment performance.  This strong investment performance was supported by balanced contributions from domestic and foreign investors, with DDI and FDI distributed in relatively equal proportions. DDI reached Rp 42.24 trillion, equivalent to 18% of the national total, placing Jakarta first among all provinces for domestic investment realization in this period. Meanwhile, FDI reached USD 1.72 billion, equivalent to Rp 27.52 trillion at the 2025 state budget exchange rate of Rp 16,000 per USD, representing 11.9% of the national total. Both figures reflected year-on-year growth, with DDI increasing by 19.7% and FDI by 19.1%. This growth in both domestic and foreign investment reflected investor confidence, supported by an improving investment climate, political and economic stability following the 2024 general election, and continued infrastructure and digital development. Key sectors, particularly information and communication, as well as trade, contributed significantly. Furthermore, the ongoing post-pandemic economic recovery, combined with the implementation of strategic development agendas and high-profile events, has further enhanced Jakarta’s appeal as a leading investment destination.   Moreover, Jakarta’s investment realization in Q1 2025, both in FDI and DDI, was primarily driven by three key sectors. The largest contribution came from the transportation, warehousing, and telecommunications sector, which generated Rp 24.5 trillion, or equivalent to 35% of the total investment. This was followed by the other services sector, contributing Rp 16.6 trillion, representing 24% of the total investment. The housing, industrial estates, and office buildings sector ranked third, with an investment realization of Rp 8.6 trillion, representing 12% of Jakarta’s total investment.   In terms of regional distribution, South Jakarta achieved the highest investment realization in Q1 2025, with a total of Rp 26.9 trillion in DDI and FDI combined, representing 39% of the city’s overall investment. Central Jakarta ranked second with Rp 12.8 trillion, followed by North Jakarta with Rp 11.1 trillion. By investment type, Central Jakarta attracted the largest share of DDI, reaching Rp 10.1 trillion, or 24% of the city's total DDI. Meanwhile, South Jakarta attracted the highest FDI, reaching Rp 16.8 trillion, or 61% of the city’s total FDI. To conclude, Jakarta’s investment performance in the first quarter of 2025 reaffirms its position as the leading investment destination in Indonesia, contributing 15% of the national investment total. This performance was supported by balanced growth across both DDI and FDI. Key sectors such as transportation, warehousing, and telecommunications, other services, as well as housing, industrial estates, and office buildings, played a major role in driving investment. Regionally, South and Central Jakarta attracted the largest shares, highlighting their continued role in supporting the city’s overall investment growth. These developments reflect growing investor confidence, improved infrastructure, and a stable post-election environment. As Jakarta continues to strengthen its investment ecosystem, this momentum supports the city’s progress toward becoming a more competitive, resilient, and inclusive global city.

The urgency to raise awareness and accelerate action on climate change continues to grow. Global commitment to this challenge was reaffirmed through the Paris Agreement in 2015, which set the objective of limiting the global temperature rise to below 2°C, while pursuing efforts to restrict it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels (UNFCCC, 2015). Under this agreement, countries submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which include emission targets, adaptation measures, and timelines that are updated every five years (Whiting, 2025). Since its adoption, climate-related challenges have worsened. Between 2015 and 2023, the world experienced one of the warmest periods in recorded history. At the same time, the frequency of extreme weather events has risen sharply, increasing fivefold over the past fifty years (Naran et al., 2024). This highlights the urgent need for specific and measurable climate actions. In response to these growing challenges, countries worldwide are translating their climate commitments into concrete and measurable policy actions, with a particular focus on green investment as a means to achieve their targets. According to the OECD (2012), green investment broadly refers to low-carbon and climate-resilient investments made in companies, projects, and financial instruments that operate primarily in the renewable energy, clean technology, environmental technology, or sustainability-related markets, as well as those that are climate change specific. Within this context, the Paris Agreement provides a global mandate and direction for coordinated climate action, while green investment serves as a key mechanism for turning these commitments into tangible outcomes. Without substantial and sustained green investment, the targets set under the Paris Agreement are unlikely to be achieved. Among the various national approaches to advancing green investment, the United States has introduced the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) as a key policy instrument. Enacted in 2022, the IRA represents a significant effort to accelerate green investment in alignment with national climate objectives. The legislation allocates nearly US$400 billion to support a wide range of climate and energy initiatives (McKinsey & Company, 2022). Through a mix of tax incentives, grants, and loan programs, it promotes private sector participation in the development of clean energy infrastructure, transportation electrification, and the expansion of low-carbon technologies. The policy also includes domestic content requirements, such as the use of U.S manufactured products in eligible projects (Internal Revenue Service, 2024). While designed to meet climate targets, the IRA is also projected to generate significant economic returns, including an estimated US$3.8 trillion in net economic activity over the next ten years, US$1.9 trillion in economic growth, 13.7 million new jobs, and a US$846 billion increase in household income (American Clean Power Association, 2024). These outcomes not only improve the financial well-being of Americans but also demonstrate an integrated approach in which climate goals are aligned with broader economic development strategies, sending a strong signal to global markets that the transition to a green economy is aligned with the nation’s long-term development strategy. Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) has introduced the European Green Deal as a strategic framework to promote green investment and advance its goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. This policy framework reflects the EU’s strong commitment to integrating green investment into its broader climate agenda through coordinated, cross-border initiatives. The European Green Deal outlines a clear pathway toward decarbonization, including an interim target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 (Council of the European Union, n.d.). It includes a wide range of strategic actions, such as expanding renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, protecting natural ecosystems, and accelerating the transition to green mobility. Furthermore, China has also emerged as a country that focuses on the global green transition. China has embedded its climate ambitions into a national development strategy through the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), which serves as a framework to support its pledge of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 and peaking carbon emissions before 2030. This plan reflects China’s commitment to accelerating green investment by prioritizing clean energy expansion, urban sustainability, and innovation-driven growth (Hepburn et al., 2021). It outlines concrete action areas such as reducing coal dependency, modernizing the power grid to integrate renewable energy, and increasing investment in low-carbon technologies, including solar, wind, hydrogen, and electric vehicles. In addition, the plan supports the development of “clean, compact, and connected” (CCC) cities to promote more sustainable urbanization and enhance regional economic balance (Ahmad et al., 2020). Through a coordinated strategy that combines environmental goals with sustainable economic transformation, China’s approach demonstrates that climate action can also serve as a foundation for competitiveness, resilience, and long-term prosperity. Many countries are responding to their Paris Agreement commitments by addressing environmental challenges, and Indonesia is no exception. Indonesia is aligning its development priorities with climate goals through a structured and integrated policy approach, particularly in sectors such as electric vehicles, carbon markets, and renewable energy. This commitment is reflected in the updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted in 2022, which raised Indonesia’s unconditional emissions reduction target from 29% to 31.9% by 2030 (Agarwal et al., 2024). To support the achievement of these targets, the government has introduced a series of policies and regulations aimed at promoting green investment and sustainable finance. One of the foundational frameworks is Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation No. 51/POJK.03/2017, which mandates the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into the business practices and risk management of financial institutions and public companies. This regulation reflects Indonesia’s continued commitment to building a financial system that supports not only economic growth but also environmental and social responsibility. Another initiative is the launch of the Indonesian Green Taxonomy in January 2022, which provides official guidelines for identifying environmentally sustainable economic activities across approximately 919 subsectors (Mulyana & Shawndefar, n.d.). The taxonomy serves as a reference for stakeholders to assess the environmental sustainability of economic activities and helps prevent greenwashing by providing a standardized framework for sustainable investment. Furthermore, Indonesia’s National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2025–2029 identifies the strengthening of green investment as a national priority to accelerate the transition toward a low-carbon economy. In this context, the green economy is positioned not only as an environmental strategy but also as a new engine of economic growth through improved resource efficiency, green job creation, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In line with the national policy direction to promote the green transition, Jakarta is actively reinforcing its role through locally driven sustainability initiatives. The city faces complex environmental challenges, including air pollution, flooding, and rising sea levels, which have made it one of the world’s major cities most at risk of sinking (Mafira et al., 2021). In response, the Jakarta Provincial Government has adopted more progressive policies to address the climate crisis. Through Governor Regulation No. 90 of 2021, Jakarta committed to a low-carbon and climate-resilient development pathway. This regulation emphasizes the city’s efforts to reduce emissions, enhance climate resilience, and promote green economic growth by strengthening sectors such as clean energy, sustainable transportation, and waste management. These efforts are backed by concrete implementation. For example, Jakarta aims to fully transition its TransJakarta fleet to electric buses by 2030, with a target of more than 10,000 units (Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, 2023). To further strengthen this transition, the Jakarta Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPD) 2025–2045 highlights the need to accelerate the currently low adoption of renewable energy and expand green financing and investment as part of Jakarta’s shift toward a green economy. Jakarta’s commitment to addressing the climate crisis extends not only through its local policies but also through active participation in global climate networks. This includes Jakarta’s role as an active member of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, a global network of nearly 100 mayors from the world’s leading cities united in their efforts to confront the climate crisis (C40 Cities, n.d.). One example of this collaboration is the C40 Clean Investment Accelerator (CIA), which aims to support cities in attracting financing and delivering green, sustainable, and climate-resilient infrastructure projects. Jakarta joins notable cities such as Amsterdam, London, Cape Town, Copenhagen, Glasgow, New York, Seattle, Rio de Janeiro, Paris, and Milan. Through its engagement with global organizations like C40, Jakarta demonstrates a clear determination to collaborate internationally and strengthen its position as an emerging global city. To conclude, the global green transition is no longer an abstract goal but a necessary course of action in response to escalating climate risks. Countries and regions around the world, including the United States, the European Union, China, and Indonesia, are translating their climate commitments into concrete policy actions. Indonesia, through national strategies and local implementation, demonstrates how environmental priorities can align with sustainable economic development. Jakarta, in particular, continues to take active steps to implement green policies and promote sustainability-driven growth. As the city strengthens its commitment to low-emission development, it welcomes collaboration and investment, especially in areas such as renewable energy, sustainable transportation, and climate-resilient infrastructure. With clear policy direction, regulatory support, and a long-term vision for inclusive and sustainable development, Jakarta presents a promising environment for investors, especially for green investment. These collective efforts not only support climate goals but also elevate Jakarta’s position as a dynamic and forward-looking global city.

Indonesia has entered 2025 with encouraging momentum, marked by an investment realization of Rp 465.2 trillion in the first quarter (Q1). This figure represents 24.4% of the national investment target of Rp 1,905.6 trillion for the year. The Q1 2025 performance also marks a 15.9% year-on-year (YoY) increase compared to the same period in 2024, which totalled Rp 401.5 trillion. Furthermore, on a quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) basis, it increased by 2.7% from Rp 452.8 trillion in Q4 2024. These figures show strong investor confidence in Indonesia, both foreign and domestic, indicating a long-term commitment to Indonesia's economic development. The Minister of Investment and Downstream Industry and Head of the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board emphasized that such investments are strategic decisions that reflect trust in the country’s future growth prospects (Mawang, 2025). Following this strong start earlier this year, investment realization in Q1 2025 was driven by nearly equal contributions from both Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Direct Investment. FDI contributed Rp 230.4 trillion, or 49.5% of the total, while DDI contributed Rp 234.8 trillion, or 50.5%. Both FDI and DDI also achieved year-on-year (YoY) growth, with FDI increasing by 12.7% and DDI rising by 19.1% compared to the same period in 2024. This overall performance in Q1 reflects continued positive sentiment among both investor groups throughout the year. In terms of regional distribution, Jakarta emerged as the top investment destination in Q1 2025, attracting Rp 69.8 trillion, or 15% of the national total from both FDI and DDI. This strong performance demonstrates Jakarta’s ongoing efforts to always improve the ease of doing business, particularly by simplifying licensing processes and providing reliable infrastructure to support investment activities within the city (Junida, 2025). West Java was close behind, attracting Rp 68.5 trillion in investment, representing 14.7% of the national total. This was followed by East Java with Rp 36.0 trillion, Central Sulawesi coming in fourth with Rp 32.7 trillion, and Banten in the top five with Rp 31.1 trillion. This regional breakdown of investment realization in Q1 2025 highlights how investment across these regions has contributed to economic development in various parts of Indonesia. Based on the sector, investment realization in Q1 2025 highlights the strategic industries that continue to drive Indonesia’s economic transformation. The Basic Metal,  Metal Goods, except Machineries and Equipments Industry, recorded the highest investment at Rp 67.3 trillion, representing 14.5% of the total investment. This was followed by the transportation, warehousing, and telecommunications sector, which attracted Rp 66.5 trillion. In third place, the mining sector attracted Rp 48.6 trillion, while other services contributed Rp 41.0 trillion. Completing the top five, the housing, industrial estate, and office building sector secured Rp 37.5 trillion in investment. The sectoral distribution of investment in Q1 2025 shows that several key industries continue to play an important role in supporting Indonesia’s economic growth. To conclude, the investment performance in Q1 2025 sets a strong foundation for Indonesia’s economic outlook this year. The positive growth in investment, both quarter on quarter and year on year, compared to the same period in 2024, affirms the confidence of domestic and foreign investors in Indonesia’s investment climate. With this achievement, the government remains optimistic about reaching this year’s national investment target.

Food security has emerged as one of the most critical global challenges. As the world’s population continues to rise, the demand for food also increases significantly. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that, as of 2024, between 713 and 757 million people faced hunger globally, with a mid-range estimate of 733 million individuals affected (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2024). This highlights the issue's urgency, particularly as global food demand is projected to rise by 35% to 56% between 2010 and 2050 (Van Dijk et al., 2021). These challenges are further compounded by climate change, land degradation, rapid urbanization, and escalating geopolitical tension, which continue to disrupt food supply chains and increase the strain on global food resilience. Similarly, Southeast Asia is also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. According to Ludher and Leng (2024), the production of commodities such as rice, corn, and wheat is projected to decline by 7% to 9% by 2050. Amid these challenges, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative tool to help tackle these challenges and support a sustainable and resilient food system. This article explores the role of AI in supporting sustainable food security globally, and the opportunities for its application in Jakarta as part of efforts to build a resilient city capable of addressing future food security challenges. Global Implementation of AI in Agriculture and Food Security Amid increasing global challenges in food production and distribution, the adoption of AI has expanded across multiple areas, enhancing overall efficiency and productivity. These innovations have been driven by the growing need to boost agricultural output in a way that is environmentally responsible and efficient, while also ensuring fair access to food for all segments of society. This effectiveness is reflected in the agricultural sector, where AI has been shown to increase crop yields by up to 20% (Geopard Agriculture, 2023). Following its proven potential to enhance productivity, AI can also enhance crop management. In India, Microsoft and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) collaborate on analyzing 30 years of climate data to optimize planting schedules. This approach allows the farmers to adapt to increasingly erratic wind and monsoon patterns due to climate change. As a result, farmers using the system reported an average increase in peanut yields of 30% per hectare (Microsoft, 2018). The impact of AI in agriculture is not limited to on-farm activities, contributing significantly to food distribution and efforts to reduce inefficiencies across the supply chain. Through AI-driven predictive analytics, businesses can anticipate demand and allocate resources more effectively. This agility enables distributors to scale without massive, time-consuming adjustments to labor and workflow (Li, 2024). Moreover, the HungerMap Live platform by the World Food Programme (WFP) applies big data and AI to monitor food security conditions in over 90 countries in real-time. The system processes data on food prices, weather patterns, and socio-economic conditions to generate nowcasts, which help WFP identify food-insecure areas and enable the more effective allocation of humanitarian resources (Ong, 2020). Another platform by WFP is the Food Price Monitoring and Analysis (FPMA), which tracks food prices and detects unusual price changes, providing early warnings to relevant authorities to support evidence-based decision-making. The expanding role of AI in addressing food security and agricultural challenges also extends to weather forecasting, where it contributes to more informed decision-making in the agricultural sector. AI’s ability to analyze vast amounts of climate data in real time enables more precise anticipation of extreme weather events that could disrupt food production and distribution. In West Africa, AI provides accurate rainfall forecasts to help smallholder farmers make more informed decisions (UN World Food Programme, 2025). In addition, Google is also developing a system that can predict rainfall patterns every 15 minutes, up to 12 hours in advance, within a 5km radius (Brempong, 2025). These technologies support farmers in determining optimal times for planting and harvesting and make better informed decisions. While AI has been applied to forecast weather conditions, it is also used to help farmers detect pests and diseases earlier, allowing them to act before serious damage occurs. One implementation of this involves a digital tool that uses AI to identify hundreds of disease symptoms across various crop types, simply by analyzing images of leaves or fruits uploaded by farmers (Chassin, 2025). This application has the potential to reduce pesticide use and minimize yield losses, especially for smallholder farmers, while also contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. These various applications highlight how AI is transforming agriculture across the entire global food chain, from production to distribution. By enabling more precise and data-driven decision making, reducing resource inefficiencies, and supporting early detection of pests and diseases, AI contributes to a more productive, efficient, and resilient food system from farm to fork. The Future Potential of AI for Jakarta’s Food Security These global developments demonstrate what is possible, but also point to even greater potential for AI to be further implemented in improving agricultural productivity and strengthening food security systems. In this context, Jakarta faces limited agricultural space and relies on food supply chains from other regions for up to 98% of its needs (Hamasy, 2024). Jakarta’s high dependence on external food supply chains demonstrates the importance of ensuring food security and market stability. Disruptions in these supply chains, whether caused by crop failures or logistical challenges, may disrupt price stability and affect the reliability of supply. The impact of this vulnerability became evident in 2024, when premium rice prices in Jakarta increased by 22.9% due to reduced national rice production caused by the El Niño phenomenon (GovMedia, 2024). Recognizing these vulnerabilities, the Jakarta Provincial Government has begun exploring ways to enhance food security by providing daily commodity price data from local markets across all regions of Jakarta. Supported by the city’s existing digital infrastructure, the integration of AI has the potential to strengthen Jakarta’s food security by enabling more comprehensive monitoring, preventing abnormal price spikes, and improving the government's responsiveness in anticipating potential challenges and maintaining market stability. This approach aligns with the World Food Programme’s Food Price Monitoring and Analysis platform, which supports governments and stakeholders in making more proactive, evidence-based decisions in managing food markets. As part of a more comprehensive approach to food security, Jakarta has begun promoting the smart farming system to improve the effectiveness of farmland in Ragunan (Putri, 2023). This system allows for the remote monitoring and control of agricultural variables such as temperature, air humidity, crop watering schedules, and even livestock and fishery operations, reducing the need for constant on-site supervision. Smart farming holds significant potential for Jakarta, not only in improving efficiency but also in supporting precision agriculture. By automatically analyzing environmental factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and weather conditions, the system can provide optimized recommendations for planting and irrigation based on real-time crop development and climate data. Addressing Jakarta’s food security challenges, particularly its dependence on external food supplies and limited land availability for agriculture, requires strategic innovation through the optimization of AI. Applications such as AI-based agricultural monitoring and the integration of environmental data offer a forward-looking approach to strengthening food security in Jakarta. Conclusion Food security remains a critical challenge at both global and urban levels, and the integration of AI presents a powerful and scalable solution. Its application extends across the food system from farm to fork, enhancing supply chain responsiveness, enabling precise forecasting, and early detection of risks such as pests and diseases. In Jakarta, where land availability is limited and reliance on external food sources remains high, AI-based solutions offer a practical approach to supporting a more secure and responsive food ecosystem. With continued efforts to enhance Jakarta’s existing digital infrastructure, the city is taking meaningful steps toward a more informed, efficient, and sustainable food ecosystem that encourages collaboration and supports long-term urban resilience.

Perumda Pembangunan Sarana Jaya, one of Jakarta Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD), is committed to becoming a leading developer and key contributor in transforming Jakarta into a world-class global city. With over four decades of experience, the company focuses on sustainable property and infrastructure development that enhances urban resilience and community well-being, driven by innovation, collaboration, and strategic transformation. Sarana Jaya’s strategy involves organizing its work into four main areas: Land Banking, Housing, Property, and Infrastructure. This helps the company manage and develop land, offer different housing options, and build important property and infrastructure. The company manages 767,032 square meters of land in important areas, supporting the city’s development and improving people's lives.  Looking to the future, Sarana Jaya is dedicated to continuing its growth through new ideas, efficient operations, and expanding its business in land, housing, property, and infrastructure. The company is focused on creating long-term value, encouraging teamwork, and using solutions that support Jakarta's journey to become a global city. By focusing on sustainability and community benefits, Sarana Jaya is not just constructing buildings but also contributing to Jakarta's future.

As Jakarta strives to strengthen its position as a global city, PAM JAYA is one of Jakarta Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) that plays an important role in supporting this ambition by ensuring the sustainable provision of clean and reliable drinking water. Aligning with the theme 'Towards 2030: Enhancing Services, Expanding Coverage,' PAM JAYA is strategically implementing significant steps to achieve targets for Jakarta's water infrastructure, supported by the vision to establish PAM JAYA as a company that provides comprehensive and quality drinking water services to the people of DKI Jakarta, oriented towards customer satisfaction (Total Quality Customer Service). This commitment to customer-centricity elevates the company's initiatives to improve service delivery and expand coverage across the city. PAM JAYA was established with the purpose of ensuring Jakarta's water security and fostering a resilient and efficient water service provider. Specifically, its mandate includes responsibly managing and developing drinking water supply systems throughout the Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), and creating a healthy, efficient, resilient, and highly competent company dedicated to providing essential drinking water services to the community. These foundational principles guide PAM JAYA's strategic planning and operational activities. To support its extensive service provision, PAM JAYA operates 20 strategically located Water Treatment Plants, distributed across several areas within DKI Jakarta Province and Kepulauan Seribu. This network of facilities is crucial for ensuring a reliable and consistent supply of piped water to Jakarta's residents. Utilizing advanced water treatment technologies and adhering to stringent quality standards, these plants play a vital role in PAM JAYA's commitment to delivering high-quality drinking water according to the Ministry of Health Regulation Number 2, 2023 standard. With this comprehensive approach, PAM JAYA is not only securing Jakarta's water future but also contributing to the city's sustainable development goals. The company's dedication to innovation, customer service, and environmental stewardship exemplifies its commitment to serving Jakarta and its residents for generations to come.

The Jakarta Regional Spatial Plan (Rancangan Tata Ruang Wilayah) for 2024–2044 has been enacted through Regional Regulation (Peraturan Daerah) No. 7 of 2024, replacing Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2012. This comprehensive planning framework is updated every 20 years, with periodic reviews conducted every five years to ensure its continued relevance. The regulation governs the Jakarta area, covering six municipalities and regencies, with a designated water planning zone extending 12 nautical miles from the coastline, spanning approximately 649.423 hectares. This includes a land area of around 66.098 hectares and a water area of approximately 583.325 hectares. Driven by the need to accommodate major policy changes and dynamic development challenges, the revision aligns with the Job Creation Law (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja), which mandates the integration of coastal and small island areas into regional planning. It also responds to Presidential Regulation No.60 of 2020 on the spatial integration of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak, and Cianjur (Jabodetabekpunjur) areas, as well as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an update that reflects recent development and policy dynamics and replaces the previous regulation. Furthermore, the regulation outlines objectives, policies, and spatial planning strategies, including the spatial structure plan, spatial pattern plan, designation of strategic areas, directives for spatial utilization, and regulations for controlling spatial use. These elements are formulated based on considerations of physical and environmental conditions, population dynamics, socio-cultural aspects, economic priorities, and disaster management. The current regulation sets the direction for Jakarta’s development toward its vision of becoming a global business city that is inclusive, resilient, and driven by transit-oriented and digital technology. Spatial planning in Jakarta is designed to support transit-oriented and digital development, liveable and inclusive housing with self-sufficient neighbourhoods, and resilient urban spaces and services that are well-integrated with the surrounding Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Puncak, Cianjur (Bodetabekpunjur) Region. In addition, it aims to strengthen Jakarta’s position as a global business city, promote sustainable and inclusive development of coastal areas, waters, and the Kepulauan Seribu, and enhance the city's role as a centre of economic and cultural activity. To further implement this regulation, the development plan aims to establish transit hubs that serve 70% of neighbourhoods in the city. It also aims to increase public transportation usage to 55% and shift activities towards digital solutions to enhance mobility efficiency. With these initiatives, Jakarta is expected to drive economic growth and develop a more efficient transportation system, allowing residents to commute more conveniently. The integration of transit-oriented development and digital solutions will not only enhance accessibility but also reduce congestion, lower emissions, and improve overall urban mobility. A well-connected city must also provide a high-quality living environment. Therefore, this regulation includes plans to develop liveable and inclusive housing with self-sufficient neighbourhoods. According to the regulation, this plan aims to achieve this by increasing the quantity and quality of decent and affordable vertical housing, improving the quality of village areas, and providing integrated infrastructure and utilities in every neighbourhood. These plans reflect the Jakarta government's commitment to improving the quality of life for its residents and ensuring that all residents have access to safe and well-planned neighbourhoods. To create a more sustainable and interconnected urban environment, this regulation also highlights that Jakarta is prioritizing resilient urban spaces and services that are well-integrated with the Bodetabekpunjur Region. In order to achieve this, the regulation outlines six key priorities. First, the realization of a green city that contributes to climate change mitigation by achieving an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the 2020 baseline. Second, the development of a water-adaptive city aimed at flood-free conditions through the improvement of riverbank areas and interregional cooperation with Bodetabekpunjur. Third, the implementation of a sustainable waste management system. Fourth, strengthening food security by ensuring local food availability. Fifth, the enhancement of urban resilience against disaster threats and risks. Sixth, the improvement of accessibility and connectivity of infrastructure and facilities. These priorities reflect Jakarta’s commitment to enhancing integration with the Bodetabekpunjur Region, supporting sustainable development, and strengthening urban resilience. Alongside efforts to enhance sustainability and urban resilience, this regulation reflects Jakarta’s commitment to strengthening its role as a global business city. To turn this vision into action, it outlines several strategic priorities. First, the city is implementing policies aimed at increasing business competitiveness and investment attractiveness on a global scale. Second, Jakarta is prioritizing the development of international airports and deep-sea ports to enhance global connectivity, ensuring Jakarta becomes a strategic hub for trade and commerce. Third, the city is also focusing on improving education and healthcare to meet global standards, strengthening Jakarta’s position as a global business city. Lastly, efforts are directed toward developing an efficient and well-integrated urban logistics system, ensuring seamless connectivity between regional and international logistics networks. Ensuring Jakarta’s long-term sustainability requires not only urban development but also the responsible growth of its coastal and maritime areas. To support this goal, the city is prioritizing the sustainable and inclusive development of its coastal zones, waters, and the Kepulauan Seribu as part of the mandates set out in the spatial plan. This includes enhancing connectivity and infrastructure to better integrate coastal areas with Jakarta’s mainland, improving housing and the quality of life for fishing communities, and restoring coastal ecosystems with a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability. In line with this direction, the Jakarta government also aims to transform the region into a centre of the blue economy, promoting globally competitive, sustainable maritime tourism, while strengthening institutional capacity and human resource development in coastal communities. These efforts are expected to unlock the full potential of coastal areas and the Kepulauan Seribu, promoting sustainable and inclusive growth. Jakarta is also committed to strengthening its role as a centre of economic and cultural activity, as stated in the current regulation. As part of this effort, the regulation outlines a focus on developing key districts to support the city’s integration into the global economic network, preserving and revitalizing cultural heritage sites, and establishing Jakarta as an urban cultural centre. In conclusion, Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2024 provides a strategic, forward-looking foundation for Jakarta’s transformation into a globally competitive, inclusive, and resilient city. By aligning spatial planning with principles of sustainability, digitalization, and regional integration, Jakarta is well-positioned to attract investment, promote innovation, and support its continued growth as a global city.

The rapid pace of urbanization has emerged as a critical global challenge, influencing economic, social, and environmental dimensions of development. The World Urbanization Prospects (2018) report indicates that approximately 55% of the global population currently resides in urban areas, with this proportion expected to increase to 68% by 2050. This demographic trajectory aligns with the findings of Dubberke and Kehl (2020), who highlight the strategic role of cities in advancing sustainable development and driving human-centred digital transformation. As urban populations expand, projections indicate that by 2030, over 60% of the world's population will inhabit cities, with estimates for 2050 expected to range between 68% and 75%. Furthermore, if urbanization is not managed effectively, it can widen inequalities and increase the risk of environmental crisis. To tackle these challenges, a sustainable approach is crucial, using eco-friendly technology, better urban planning, and policies that ensure social and economic inclusion. In this context, technological advancements are essential in shaping more efficient and resilient cities. Among these innovations, the digital twin has emerged as a powerful tool for urban development these days. The digital twin is a digital replica of a physical object, person, system, or process, contextualized within a digital version of its environment (McKinsey, 2024). Similarly, a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers (2022) highlights that a digital twin can also be linked to a virtual model of a physical object by integrating real-time data, mathematical models, and Artificial Intelligence, allowing it to function dynamically and accurately represent its physical counterpart. While digital twins are powerful tools for urban development, their full potential can only be realized when combined with advanced intelligence that is capable of processing information efficiently and predicting urban challenges. According to Xu et al. (2024), this transformation has reshaped the management of various urban subsystems through AI-powered digital twins, creating a new paradigm for urban development. AI-powered digital twins can analyse vast amounts of data, enhance real-time decision-making, and optimize city management. This advancement not only enables smarter planning and more effective responses to urban challenges but also promotes sustainable and inclusive development. The AI-powered digital twins have potential applications across various sectors. In urban planning and management, AI can analyse data from digital twins to optimize city layouts, traffic flow, energy consumption, and environmental sustainability, enabling more data-driven planning and improving efficiency for urban planners. In disaster simulation and response, AI-powered digital twins can simulate disasters such as floods and earthquakes, facilitating improved mitigation strategies and enabling faster emergency responses, potentially saving lives and resources. In traffic and transportation systems, AI-driven digital twins can enhance transportation efficiency, reduce congestion, and improve air quality. Lastly, in real estate and development, investors and property developers can use digital twins to simulate urban changes before projects are realized, allowing for a more comprehensive evaluation of environmental, investment, and economic impacts while mitigating risks in the development process (Yan et al., 2023). As cities worldwide acknowledge the transformative potential of AI-powered digital twins, their implementation is expanding across various sectors, including urban planning, infrastructure management, and sustainability efforts. A notable example of this advancement is Singapore, which has developed an extensive 3D digital twin of the entire city (VP, 2024), known as Virtual Singapore. By integrating real-time data, the platform provides policymakers and city planners with advanced tools for future analysis, simulation, and planning to be able to assess the impact of future development. Meanwhile, in Rotterdam, Netherlands, a city known for being below sea level, a digital twin is being used to manage flood risk (Viridis Initiative, 2024). Known as Digital Twin Rotterdam, the platform allows planners to test various flood defense strategies to mitigate flooding while also integrating water plazas that serve as public spaces during dry weather and as flood storage basins during heavy rains. Beyond flood risk management, digital twins are also transforming urban planning through enhanced public engagement. In Helsinki, the digital twin facilitates citizen participation, allowing residents to visualize and provide input on urban development projects before they begin (Malcom, 2024). The implementation of digital twins in these cities enhances urban development by providing planners with valuable insights, improving disaster management, and optimizing public services. With digital twin technology increasingly being adopted worldwide, Indonesia also recognizes its potential to tackle urban challenges and drive sustainable development, especially in urban planning. A significant application of this technology can be seen in the development of the new capital city, Nusantara (Suhandoko, 2025). In this project, digital twins are used to design transportation infrastructure with greater precision, ensuring efficiency and sustainability. This digital twin technology also aligns with the blueprint of Nusantara Smart City, which explores the integration of digital twins into the smart city ecosystem in Nusantara (Nusantara Capital City Authority, 2023). The potential for using digital twins in Jakarta is immense, as the city can adopt its existing digital infrastructure to drive innovation. Digital twins can enhance urban planning, optimize resource management, and improve public services by integrating real-time data, advanced analytics, and simulation capabilities. This will enable more efficient decision-making in areas such as transportation, disaster mitigation, and environmental sustainability. For example, the implementation of digital twins in Jakarta could simulate flooding scenarios using historical and real-time data to help prevent floods. Another potential use of digital twins could be to help ease traffic congestion by simulating multiple scenarios. This innovation would strengthen the city's resilience to climate change, improve the effectiveness of disaster mitigation, and attract investment in urban infrastructure and technology sectors, contributing to smarter and more sustainable urban governance. To conclude, AI-powered digital twins are transforming urban development, driving smarter governance, enhancing infrastructure efficiency, and strengthening resilience against environmental challenges. As global cities increasingly adopt these innovations, Jakarta has the opportunity to harness this technology to accelerate its urban transformation, attract investment, and align with global city standards. By adopting digital twins, cities can optimize resource management, mitigate environmental risks, and build more liveable, resilient communities, ensuring they continue to evolve and adapt to future challenges.

Aligned with Jakarta's vision of becoming a global city, PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol Tbk plays a crucial role in positioning Jakarta as a prominent global destination for business, leisure, and culture, thereby enhancing the city's global competitiveness and sustainability. With a vision to become the largest integrated tourism and property development company in Southeast Asia, Ancol continues to drive economic growth. In 2024, the company’s business activities were divided into five main segments, consisting of tourism, property, resorts, culinary, as well as meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions (MICE). Through strategic partnerships, Ancol continues to innovate and strengthen its market position.  Furthermore, Ancol is developing several projects to enhance its offerings and solidify its position as a premier destination. These include the Ancol Hotel, a luxurious addition to the waterfront, and the East Ancol development, transforming 120 hectares of prime coastal land into a vibrant mix of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces. Other projects are the West Ancol development, which is planned to create a new cultural epicenter, complete with innovative facilities and future-proof technologies. Lot A, a prime residential development in West Ancol, will offer luxurious properties with breathtaking ocean views. Finally, Lot B, a mixed-use development in the same area, will combine modern living with commercial and retail spaces. Ancol will continue its growth trajectory, investing in innovation and infrastructure to solidify its market position and contribute to the development of Jakarta's property, tourism, and entertainment industries.